Montana Field Guide

Plants with a branched caudex. Stems ascending to erect, 25–100 cm. Herbage sparsely strigose to minutely puberulent. Leaves basal and cauline; blades lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, 3–14 cm long; the basal subtruncate; lateral veins obvious. Flowers: calyx strigose, 2–6 mm long, divided to below the middle with acute tips; corolla 9–15 mm long; limb 1.2 to 1.6 times as long as the tube; tube with or without hairs within; filaments inserted at the fornices, ca. as long as the anthers; style higher than the anthers, sometimes slightly exserted. Nutlets 3–4 mm long (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

Wet forests, thickets, usually along streams; valleys to montane (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

POLLINATORS
The following animal species have been reported as pollinators of this plant species or its genus where their geographic ranges overlap: Bombus vagans, Bombus bifarius, Bombus centralis, Bombus flavifrons, Bombus frigidus, Bombus huntii, Bombus melanopygus, Bombus mixtus, Bombus rufocinctus, Bombus sylvicola, Bombus occidentalis, Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus insularis, and Bombus kirbiellus (Macior 1974, Bauer 1983, Thorp et al. 1983, Mayer et al. 2000, Colla and Dumesh 2010, Colla et al. 2011, Koch et al. 2012, Pyke et al. 2012, Miller-Struttmann and Galen 2014, Williams et al. 2014).