Montana Field Guide

Plants with a tuberous root. Stems solitary, weak, ascending to erect, 5–15 cm. Herbage glabrous to spiculate. Leaves all cauline; blade oblong to obovate, 1–4 cm long without lateral veins. Flowers: calyx 4–6 mm long, divided to the base, glabrous to ciliate; corolla 14–20 mm long; tube glabrous within, 2 to 3 times as long as the limb; filaments attached at the fornices; style higher than the anthers. Nutlets ca. 2 mm long (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

Vernally, often shallow soil of grasslands, cliffs, open forests; valleys, montane (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

POLLINATORS
The following animal species have been reported as pollinators of this plant species or its genus where their geographic ranges overlap: Bombus vagans, Bombus bifarius, Bombus centralis, Bombus flavifrons, Bombus frigidus, Bombus huntii, Bombus melanopygus, Bombus mixtus, Bombus rufocinctus, Bombus sylvicola, Bombus occidentalis, Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus griseocollis, Bombus insularis, and Bombus kirbiellus (Macior 1974, Bauer 1983, Thorp et al. 1983, Mayer et al. 2000, Colla and Dumesh 2010, Colla et al. 2011, Koch et al. 2012, Pyke et al. 2012, Miller-Struttmann and Galen 2014, Williams et al. 2014).