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Montana Range
Observations in Montana: 702
Montana CountiesBeaverhead, Big Horn, Carbon, Carter, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Deer Lodge, Fergus, Flathead, Gallatin, Glacier, Granite, Jefferson, Judith Basin, Lake, Lewis and Clark, Lincoln, Madison, Meagher, Mineral, Missoula, Musselshell, Park, Powder River, Powell, Ravalli, Rosebud, Sanders, Silver Bow, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Teton, Treasure
Non-migratory.
Most common in Montane (Yellow Pine and Douglas Fir) and subalpine (subalpine fir--Englemann Spruce) forests in W. MT. Also occurs in drier, more open Yellow Pine forests of Eastern Montana. (Hoffmann 1968).
Conifer cone crops, including serotinous cones. Opportun- istic. Uses terminal buds, seeds, sap, berries, bark of a variety of plants. Also uses fungi. Occasionally carnivorous (Flyger 1982).
Active, aggressive toward conspecifics in defense of terri- tory. Very vocal. Caches cones. Sometimes dries and stores mushrooms. Annual fluctuations in density are large. Correlated with size of seed and cone crops (Jones 1983).
One litter/year in N. ranges. Breeds Feb-Sep in some ranges. 35 day gestation. Young probably born Mar-May in MT. Breed when 10-12 mo's old. Altricial young. Reprod. parameters vary with climate and food supply. (Jones 1983, Flyger 1982).