Northern Flicker - Colaptes auratus
Male Northern Flicker - Male Northern Flicker at nest site within tree
General Description
Medium-sized woodpecker; males and females 28-31 cm. Size and plumage vary with subspecies. Generally grayish brown with irregular transverse dark-brown bars above (making bird cryptic on ground), off-white with numerous 2-5mm black spots below with black crescent mark on upper breast. Ventral surface of wing and tail and dorsal surface of shafts of flight feathers bright salmon or yellow, depending on subspecies. White rump-patch conspicuous in flight. Sexually dimorphic: black or red malar stripe usually present only in male. (Moore. The Birds of North America, NO. 166, 1995). See Kaufman (1991, Am. Birds 45:1171-1175) for detailed information on identification of flickers.
Distribution
Montana Range
Migration
In Bozeman area normal migration periods are Mar 25-Apr 30 a nd Aug 25-Oct 15.
Habitat
A common, primarily ground-foraging woodpecker that occurs in most wooded regions of North America. Prefers forest edge and open woodlands. Yellow-shafted Flickers reported nesting in most tree species in the wide range of woodlands it inhabits. Red-shafted Flickers are particularly common in quaking aspen stands and cottonwoods in riparian woodlands and in burned woodlands (Moore 1995).
Food Habits
Insects, primarily ants; fruits and seeds, especially in winter (Moore 1995).
Reproductive Characteristics
Usually excavates nest cavities in dead or diseased tree trunks and large branches. Eggs ovate and pure lustrous white in color. Clutch size for Yellow-shafted and Red-shafted Flickers range from 3 to 12, mean 6.5 eggs (Moore 1995). Near Fortine, egg dates range from Apr 29-Jun 10; young in nest from May 6-Jul 9.