Montana Field Guide

Shrubs 2–8 m. Stems shiny-brown becoming gray; thorns 13–25 mm long, straight to curved. Leaf blades ovate to obovate, 3–6 cm long, glandular-serrate; sometimes shallowly lobed, appressed-hairy above, sparsely hairy below. Inflorescence 5- to 25-flowered, sparsely long-hairy. Flowers: hypanthium sparsely hairy to glabrous externally; sepals 2–3 mm long, glandular-serrate; petals 5–8 mm long; stamens 10; styles 3 or 4. Pome 8–12 mm wide, black with scattered hairs at maturity (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

Fields, riparian thickets, along ditches; valleys (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).

POLLINATORS
The following animal species have been reported as pollinators of this plant species or its genus where their geographic ranges overlap: Bombus vagans, Bombus auricomus, Bombus melanopygus, Bombus mixtus, Bombus nevadensis, Bombus pensylvanicus, Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus griseocollis, and Bombus impatiens (Macior 1968, Thorp et al. 1983, Colla and Dumesh 2010).