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Common Barley - Hordeum vulgare
General Description
Annual (winter or spring). Stems 50–120 cm. Leaves: lower sheaths and blades usually hairless; blades flat, 6–15 mm wide. Inflorescence erect, 6–12 cm long, rachis not readily disarticulating at maturity. Spikelets all fertile in six-row barley, the laterals sterile in two-row barley, pedicel about 0.5 mm long; glumes awn-like though slightly broadened above the base, 8–15 mm long. Lemmas: fertile lemma 8–12 mm long, the awns of some varieties of barley are >4 cm long, while other varieties lack such an awn (Lavin in
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Species Range
Montana Range
Range Descriptions
Non-native
Range Comments
Introduced and escaping throughout nearly all of North America (Lavin in Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Observations in Montana Natural Heritage Program Database
Number of Observations: 15
(Click on the following maps and charts to see full sized version)
Map Help and Descriptions
Relative Density
Recency
(Observations spanning multiple months or years are excluded from time charts)
Habitat
Management
Stewardship Responsibility
References
- Literature Cited AboveLegend:
View Online Publication- Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 771 p.
- Additional ReferencesLegend: View Online Publication
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Aldrich, D. F. 1978. Overwintering, springtime development and migration of some Aphidea, including Myzus persicae of Northwestern Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, Montana: Montana State University. 112 p.- Anderson, C.M. 1999. Genetic analysis of the MAT-1 pheromone gene of Ustilago hordei and the study of morphogenesis during the mating response. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 87 p.
- Biyiklioglu, S., B. Alpetekin, B.A. Akpinar, A.C. Varella, M.L. Hofland, D.K. Weaver, B. Bothner, H. Budak. 2018. A large-scale multiomics analysis of wheat stem solidness and the wheat stem sawfly feeding response, and syntenic associations in barley, Brachypodium, and rice. Functional and Integrative Genomics (2018) 18:241-259
- Branson, D.R. 1967. Biosynthesis of bromegrass mosaic virus ribonucleic acid. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 64 p.
- Braun, A. 1998. Studies on the basal kernel blight disease of barley: pathogenesis and phylogeny of the causal agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and its biological control by antagonistic Pantoea agglomerans. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 217 p.
- Burns, E.E. 2017. Genetic and physiological characterization and ecological management of non-target site resistance in multiple herbicide resistant Avena fatua L. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 175 p.
- Carroll, M.W. 1998. Influence of a legume covercrop on volunteer wheat, the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella (K.) and wheat streak mosaic virus. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 78 p.
- Czembor, J.H. 1996. Presence and expression of resistance genes to powdery mildew of barley in selections from Tunisian barley landraces. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 109 p.
- Dillard, S.L. 2019. Restoring semi-arid lands with microtopography. M.Sc. Thesis. Bpzeman, MT: Montana State University. 97 p.
- Dugan, K.H. 1993. Development of Ustilago hordei specific DNA probes. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 73 p.
- Fischer, B.V. 2019. The Effects of increasing crop diversity on populations of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Cephus cinctus) and associated braconid parasitoids. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 127 p.
- Fuller, W.L. 1997. Elk management strategies for sustainable beef cattle enterprises. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montnaa State University. 92 p.
- Garcia, C. 1986. Effect of sterol-biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides on take-all of spring wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 67 p.
- Georgakopoulos, D.G. 1987. Epidemiology of epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae on barley. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 91 p.
- Geske, S.M. 1991. Purification and characterization of a Montana RMV-like isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 77 p.
- Grey, W.E. 1981. Effect of common root rot on yield components of spring barleys. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 81 p.
- Grey, W.E. 1990. Effects of environmental factors on infection of barley by parasitic or symbiotic soil-borne fungi. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 71 p.
- Grimme, E. 2004. Effects of mycofumigation using Muscodor albus and Muscodor roseus on diseases of sugar beet and chrysanthemum. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 86 p.
- Harrabi, M.M. 1982. The inheritance of resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J. Davis. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 99 p.
- Harrison, L.A. 1989. Purification and characterization of Pseudomycin, a phytotoxin and antimycotic produced by Pseudomonas syringae. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 55 p.
- Hemming, B.C. 1982. Plant-associated fluorescent pseudomonads: their systematic analysis, microbial antagonism and iron interaction. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 154 p.
- Holeckek, J.L. 1976. Initial effects of different species treatments and fertilizer rates on a mine spoils rehabilitation. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 91 p.
- Ito, D. 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility to wheat streak mosaic virus among small grains and alternative hosts in the great plains. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 93 p.
- Kim, H.K. 1982. Epidemiological, genetical, and physiological studies of the bacterial leaf streak pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens (J.J.R.) Dowson. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 83 p.
- King, L.A. 1980. Effects of topsoiling and other reclamation practices on nonseeded species establishment on surface mined land at Colstrip, Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 129 p.
- Konak, C. 1983. The inheritance of resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to Pyrenophora graminea Ito et Kurib. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 49 p.
- Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2022. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants, Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 779 p.
- Martinez-Miller, C. 1994. Etiology and characterization of two Pseudomonas syringae pathovars causing two bacterial kernel blights of barley. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 97 p.
- Mizrak, G. 1985. The inheritance of resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens (J.J.R.) Dowson in barley. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 78 p.
- Morales-Rodriguez, A. 2014. The composition of wireworm species in Montana wheat and barley fields and its effect on developing IPM programs. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 225 p.
- Morales-Rodriguez, A., A. Ospina, and K.W. Wanner. 2017. Evaluation of four bait traps for sampling wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) infesting cereal crops in Montana. International Journal of Insect Science 9: 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1177/11795433177092
- Mussgnug, G.L. 1972. The structure and performance of an adult population of Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) near Billings, Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 97 p.
- O'Connor, K.S. 1987. Ecology of white-tailed deer and mule deer in agricultural lands in the Gallatin Valley, Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 67 p.
- Robertson, N.L. 1987. A new virus-like disease of barley : its etiology, epidemiology, and the ultrastructure of associated virus-like particles. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 96 p.
- Roemhild, G.R. 1954. Morphological resistance of some of the Gramineae to the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 42 p.
- Sater, S. 2022. The insects of Sevenmile Creek, a pictorial guide to their diversity and ecology. Undergraduate Thesis. Helena, MT: Carroll College. 242 p.
- Smidansky, E.D. 1995. Factors influencing the outcome of barley yellow streak mosaic virus-Petrobia latens-barley interactions. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 68 p.
- Tharp, C. I. 1998. Laboratory and field evaluations of imidacloprid against the Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), and the Cereal Leaf Beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), on small grain. M. Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 82 p.
- Volin, R.B. 1971. Physiological race determination and environmental factors affecting the development of infection type in stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 85 p.
- Willits, D.A. 1998. Detection of Ustilago hordei in barley leaf tissue by polymerase chain reaction and analysis of the MAT-2 pheromone and pheromone receptor genes. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 74 p.
- Yount, D.J. 1982. The etiology and epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus in Montana: its importance and impact on small grain production. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 125 p.
- Zuck, P.C. 2010. Evaluation of alternative crops for management of Pratylenchus neglectus in Montana winter wheat production. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 40 p.
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