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Barnyard Grass - Echinochloa crus-galli
Other Names:
Large Barnyard Grass, Cockspur Grass, Barnyard Millet
General Description
Warm season, annual bunchgrass. Stems 10–120 cm long, few- to many-bunched, usually sprawling to ascending. Leaves: blades 5–25 mm wide, flat and lax; ligule absent or represented by a pigmented rim; sheaths with overlapping margins. Inflorescence a contracted secund panicle 5–22 cm long. Spikelets 2.5–4.5 mm long (excluding awns) with one fertile floret; first glume 1–1.5 mm long, second glume 2.5–4.5 mm long, gradually tapering to a sharp-pointed tip, with stiff coarse hairs along veins. Lemmas: sterile lemma like second glume and with an awn 0.5–20 mm long; fertile lemma awnless with an acute apex globe-like. Disarticulation above the glumes; unit of dispersal the floret (Lavin in
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Species Range
Montana Range
Range Descriptions
Non-native
Range Comments
Introduced and native throughout most of North America (Lavin in Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Observations in Montana Natural Heritage Program Database
Number of Observations: 57
(Click on the following maps and charts to see full sized version)
Map Help and Descriptions
Relative Density
Recency
(Observations spanning multiple months or years are excluded from time charts)
Habitat
Regularly disturbed settings such as cracks in sidewalks and parking lots, in lawns, along roadsides, and around cultivated fields (Lavin in
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Management
Stewardship Responsibility
References
- Literature Cited AboveLegend:
View Online Publication- Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 771 p.
- Additional ReferencesLegend: View Online Publication
Do you know of a citation we're missing?
Boggs, K. W. 1984. Succession in riparian communities of the lower Yellowstone River, Montana. M.S. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, 107 pp.- Brey, C.W. 1998. Epidemiology of wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella K.) and wheat streak mosaic virus on feral grass species and effect of glyphosate on wheat curl mite dispersal. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 136 p.
- Carroll, M.W. 1998. Influence of a legume covercrop on volunteer wheat, the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella (K.) and wheat streak mosaic virus. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 78 p.
- Eggers, M.J.S. 2005. Riparian vegetation of the Montana Yellowstone and cattle grazing impacts thereon. M.Sc. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. 125 p.
- Fritzen, D.E. 1995. Ecology and behavior of Mule Deer on the Rosebud Coal Mine, Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 143 p.
- Ito, D. 2011. Evaluation of susceptibility to wheat streak mosaic virus among small grains and alternative hosts in the great plains. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 93 p.
- Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2022. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants, Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 779 p.
- Robertson, N.L. 1987. A new virus-like disease of barley : its etiology, epidemiology, and the ultrastructure of associated virus-like particles. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 96 p.
- Yount, D.J. 1982. The etiology and epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus in Montana: its importance and impact on small grain production. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 125 p.
- Web Search Engines for Articles on "Barnyard Grass"
