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Northern Rocky Mountains Refugium Caddisfly - Goereilla baumanni
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State Rank Reason (see State Rank above)
This NRMR Caddisfly is currently ranked a "S2" Species of Concern in MT and at risk because of very limited and/or potentially declining population numbers, range and/or habitat, making it vulnerable to extirpation in the state. Limited sites with small populations and specialized habitats. This species is a rare, endemic caddisfly only found in specific streams in the Pacific Influenced areas of Montana and Idaho (referred to as the Northern Rocky Mountian Refugium).
Details on Status Ranking and Review
Northern Rocky Mountains Refugium Caddisfly (Goereilla baumanni ) Conservation Status Review
Population Size
Score U - Unknown
Comment Unknown.
Range Extent
Score B - 100-250 km squared (about 40-100 square miles)
Comment <100-250 square km (less than about 40-100 square miles)
Area of Occupancy
Comment 40-200 km (25-125 miles) linear river
Length of Occupancy
Score LC - 40-200 km (about 25-125 miles)
Long-term Trend
Score D - Moderate Decline (decline of 25-50%)
Comment Siltation and stream temperature increases with loss of riparian shading and lower snowpack probably contributed to some decline
Short-term Trend
Score E - Stable. Population, range, area occupied, and/or number or condition of occurrences unchanged or remaining within ±10% fluctuation
Threats
Score F - Widespread, low-severity threat. Threat is of low severity but affects (or would affect) most or a significant portion of the population or area.
Comment Climate Change, increasing stream temperatures and lower snowpack could seriously impact the habitat that this speces exists in
Severity Low - Low but nontrivial reduction of species population or reversible degradation or reduction of habitat in area affected, with recovery expected in 10-50 years.
Scope Moderate - 20-60% of total population or area affected
Immediacy Low - Threat is likely to be operational within 5-20 years.
Comment Threat is not fully operational now, but some areas have been lost.
Intrinsic Vulnerability
Score B - Moderately Vulnerable. Species exhibits moderate age of maturity, frequency of reproduction, and/or fecundity such that populations generally tend to recover from decreases in abundance over a period of several years (on the order of 5-20 years or 2-5 generations); or species has moderate dispersal capability such that extirpated populations generally become reestablished through natural recolonization (unaided by humans).
Environmental Specificity
Score B - Narrow. Specialist. Specific habitat(s) or other abiotic and/or biotic factors (see above) are used or required by the Element, but these key requirements are common and within the generalized range of the species within the area of interest.
Comment Cold water stenotherm, cannot survive increases in water temperatures or will have to migrart to cooler temps
General Description
The larvae of the caddisfly, Goereilla baumanni , occurs in high-gradient, 1st or 2nd order, perennially flowing, forested springs and streams (especially in gravel under mossy areas) of the Rocky Mountain Refugium Area (ID/MT boundary area). The small rock larval case of G. baumanni makes it somewhat distinctive compared to other caddisfly families and only another rare caddisfly, Rossiana (Rossianidae) should be confused with it while sampling in these areas.
Diagnostic Characteristics
Adult morphology: See Denning 1973 for detailed adult description. Larval morphology: See Wiggins 1996 for detailed larval and pupa descriptions. Body length is up to 9 mm for mature larvae. Larvae have single abdominal gills and lack chloride epithelial. Larvae of G. baumanni could be confused only with larvae of Rossiana montana , but their head lacks a flange or carina as in R. montana. G. baumanni larvae also have a slightly extended mesiepisternum into a spiny lobe. Larvae are found in first order streams where they are found in side-channel seepage areas (Wiggins 1996). Larvae construct smooth tubular cases of small rock and some sand grains.
Species Range
Montana Range
Range Descriptions
Native
Range Comments
Rangewide, G. baumanni is a regional endemic only known to occur in the Northern Rocky Mountain Refugium area of Montana and Idaho (Wiggins 1996, NatureServe 2006, Stagliano et al. 2007). In Montana, G. baumanni has been reported from two counties, Missoula and Mineral. In Idaho, G. baumanni has been reported from one stream in Clearwater County.
Observations in Montana Natural Heritage Program Database
Number of Observations: 4
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Relative Density
Recency
(Observations spanning multiple months or years are excluded from time charts)
Migration
Larval drift and adult movements not studied in Montana.
Habitat
This species is associated with high elevation, forested, perennially flowing cold-spring seep areas (Wiggins 1996) and will be found in slower pooled areas than Rossiana montana (D. Stagliano, personal observation).
Food Habits
Not studied in Montana.
Ecology
The trophic relationship of larvae of G. baumanni include shredders and collectors-gatherers (eating detritus and plant pieces) (Merritt and Cummins 1996, Wiggins 1996).
Reproductive Characteristics
In Montana, adults of this species emerge from mid-July to mid-August (Wiggins 1996).
Management
Goeriella baumanni has been described as a rare species due to habitat specificity (Wiggins 1996) and is never abundant when collected. It has no USFWS status at the present time, although it is currently a US Forest Service Species of Concern (SOC); ranked globally at high risk/at risk (G1G2) by Natureserve (2011), at risk (S2) in Montana, and unranked (SNR) in Idaho.
Threats or Limiting Factors
Specific threats to Montana and Idaho populations of G. baumanni would include mismanagement of forested riparian areas, including sediment and temperature increases associated with road building and timber harvests not following BMPs. In general, stenothermic (cold-loving) invertebrate populations are affected by changes to aquatic habitat, such as alteration of flow patterns, streambed substrate, thermal characteristics, and water quality. Alteration and degradation of riparian and aquatic habitat is the primary concern for Idaho and Montana populations.
References
Literature Cited AboveLegend: Trichoptera ). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 2nd Edition. 457 p.
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