Monoecious deciduous shrubs to 2 m high with glabrous foliage. Stems rigid, with whitish bark and thorns. Leaves alternate at least above, mostly on long shoots, sessile, fleshy, linear, 1–3 cm long. Inflorescence: spikes bracteate below, 1–3 cm long. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers above, consisting of 2 to 4 stamens concealed by a peltate scale, congested into a cone-like spike. Female flowers perigynous, well separated, solitary in axils of leaf-like bracts, with a cup-like, united calyx; pistil 1. Fruit an achene 3–5 mm long surrounded by the calyx, the lobes enlarging into a broad, wavy-margined wing 7–10 mm across (
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).