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Dwarf Birch - Betula glandulosa
Other Names:
Betula nana s.l.
Native Species
Global Rank:
G5
State Rank:
S3S4
C-value:
8
Agency Status
USFWS:
USFS:
BLM:
External Links
General Description
Shrub to 2 m high with brown to black bark. Twigs short-pubescent, densely glandular. Leaf blades 1–2 cm long, glandular, paler beneath. Female catkins 5–20 mm long. Fruit with wings 1/4–1/2 as wide as nutlet (
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Diagnostic Characteristics
Very similar to Betula pumila and often difficult to separate from it. Hybrids between the two are not uncommon. Some authors place this entity within a broad concept of B. nana (e.g., Flora North America).
Species Range
Montana Range
Range Descriptions
Native
Range Comments
Northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia, northern Europe, Greenland. Rare in Que, Lab, NS (syn. B. michauxii).
Observations in Montana Natural Heritage Program Database
Number of Observations: 345
(Click on the following maps and charts to see full sized version)
Map Help and Descriptions
Relative Density
Recency
(Observations spanning multiple months or years are excluded from time charts)
References
- Additional ReferencesLegend:
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Barge, E.G. 2015. Systematics of Lactarius in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 223 p.- Barge, E.G., C. Cripps and T.W. Osmundson. 2016. Systematics of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone. Mycologia, 108(2), 2016, pp. 414–440. DOI: 10.3852/15-177
- Cripps, C.L., U. Eberhardt, N. Schutz, H.J. Beker, V.S. Evenson, and E. Horak. 2019. The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone. MycoKeys 46: 1-54. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823
- Culver, D.R. 1994. Floristic analysis of the Centennial Region, Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman. 199 pp.
- Gaffney, W.S. 1941. The effects of winter elk browsing, South Fork of the Flathead River, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 5(4):427-453.
- Jones, W. W. 1901. Preliminary flora of Gallatin County. M.S. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State College. 78 pp.
- Morgan, J.T. 1993. Summer habitat use of white-tailed deer on the Tally Lake ranger district, Flathead National Forest. Ph.D. Dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman. pp. 103.
- Noffsinger, C.R. 2020. Systematic analysis of Russula in the North American Rocky Mountain alpine zone. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 277 p.
- Osmundson, T.W. 2003. Systematics of Rocky Mountain alpine Laccaria (basidiomycota, agaricales, tricholomataceae) and ecology of Beartooth Plateau alpine macromycetes. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 188 p.
- Reichel, J.D., D.L. Genter and E. Atkinson. 1992. Sensitive animal species in the Elkhorn and Big Belt Mountains of the Helena National Forest. Unpublished report to the Helena National Forest. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 158 p.
- Tyers, D.B. 2003. Winter ecology of moose on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range. Ph.D. Dissertation. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 308 p.
- Williams, K.L. 2012. Classification of the grasslands, shrublands, woodlands, forests and alpine vegetation associations of the Custer National Forest portion of the Beartooth Mountains in southcentral Montana. M.Sc. Thesis. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University. 376 p.
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