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Goose-grass Sedge - Carex plectocarpa
Other Names:
Carex lenticularis var. dolia
State Rank Reason (see State Rank above)
DRAFT: Requesting feedback on the 2026 revised rank, factors, and State Rank Reason outlined below and in the Conservation Status Rank Report.
Carex plectocarpa is rare in Montana, where it is known from several alpine sites in Glacier National Park and one population in the Absaroka Range. Occurrences are mostly in remote areas though one of the largest populations occurs in the vicinity of Logan Pass. The remote habitat limits the potential for negative impacts and no significant and widespread threats to the species are known besides potential impacts associated with climate change. Portions of the population near Logan Pass are susceptible to trampling from recreational use and from maintenance activities. Statewide populations appear to consist of a few thousand plants. Populations appear likely to be stable, and monitoring between 1987 and 2016 at 7 subpopulations in Glacier National Park did not detect significant changes in populations, though one site did show a decline, potentially due to drier conditions.
Climate change may negatively affect this species over the next several decades. However, the timing and magnitude of potential impacts are largely unknown. Although climate change is listed as a potential threat to the species, it does not affect the overall threat rank or scoring, or the final subnational rank.
Survey and monitoring data are needed to be able to more precisely determine population levels, assess condition and for assessing population trends. Surveys in potentially suitable habitat may document additional occurrences.
General Description
Caespitose. Stems ascending to prostrate, 5–30 cm. Leaves basal and cauline; blades 1–3 mm wide. Inflorescence of 3 or 4 short-pedunculate, overlapping spikes; lowest bract shorter or longer than the inflorescence. Spikes 8–20 mm long; uppermost bisexual with male flowers below; lower spikes female. Perigynia ovate, ascending, green and purple-blotched, 2–3 mm long with a beak, ca. 0.2 mm long; stigmas 2. Female scales narrowly ovate, blackish with a pale midvein, shorter than the perigynia. Achene 2-sided, smaller than the perigynium (
Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Phenology
Fruit mature in late July-August.
Diagnostic Characteristics
Carex is a very large genus, making identification of individual species sometimes difficult. Specimens with mature fruit are necessary for positive identification. Perhaps the best field characters are the loose tussocks with the leaves and stems generally growing at a near-horizontal angle to the ground.
Species Range
Montana Range
Range Descriptions
Native
Range Comments
Endemic to Glacier National Park, Park County, MT and adjacent WY (Lesica et al. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. BRIT Press. Fort Worth, TX).
Observations in Montana Natural Heritage Program Database
Number of Observations: 33
(Click on the following maps and charts to see full sized version)
Map Help and Descriptions
Relative Density
Recency
(Observations spanning multiple months or years are excluded from time charts)
Habitat
Shallow, wet, stony soil around streams in the alpine zone.
National Vegetation Classification System Groups Associated with this Species
Wetland and Riparian
Alpine Riparian and Wetland
Stewardship Responsibility
Threats or Limiting Factors
STATE THREAT SCORE REASON
Validated observations of Goose-grass Sedge occur in Glacier National Park (GNP) and Park County, Montana and adjacent Wyoming (Lesica et. al. 2012). Reported threats to populations in GNP are associated with recreational use where Goose-grass Sedge occurs (MTNHP Threat Assessment 2021). A major population is at Logan Pass where concentrated recreation occurs and the potential for National Park Service facility development has been reported as a concern. Other populations occur along climbing routes and hiking trails which may be exposed to trampling. Information on the scope, severity, and/or timing of these threats is needed.
References
- Literature Cited AboveLegend:
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Dragon J.A. and D.S. Barrington. 2009. Systematics of the Carex aquatilis and C. lenticularis Lineages: Geographically and Ecologically Divergent Sister Clades of Carex Section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae). American Journal of Botany 96(10): 1896-1906.
Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 771 p.
MTNHP Threat Assessment. 2021. State Threat Score Assignment and Assessment of Reported Threats from 2006 to 2021 for State-listed Vascular Plants. Botany Program, Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana.
- Additional ReferencesLegend:
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Hermann, F.J. 1964. A new Carex from Glacier National Park, Montana. Leaflets Western Botany 10:65-68.
Lesica, P. 1988. Report on the conservation status of Carex lenticularis var. Dolia, a candidate threatened species. Unpublished report, Glacier National Park, Montana 50 pp.
Lesica, P., M.T. Lavin, and P.F. Stickney. 2022. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants, Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: BRIT Press. viii + 779 p.
Standley, Lisa A. 1985. "Systematics of the Acutae Group of Carex (Cyperaceae) in the Pacific Northwest". Systematic Botany Monographs. 7: 1-106.
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