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Montana Range
Observations in Montana: 13000
Montana CountiesBeaverhead, Big Horn, Blaine, Broadwater, Carbon, Carter, Cascade, Chouteau, Custer, Daniels, Dawson, Deer Lodge, Fallon, Fergus, Flathead, Gallatin, Garfield, Glacier, Golden Valley, Granite, Hill, Jefferson, Judith Basin, Lake, Lewis and Clark, Liberty, Lincoln, Madison, McCone, Meagher, Mineral, Missoula, Musselshell, Park, Petroleum, Phillips, Pondera, Powder River, Powell, Prairie, Ravalli, Richland, Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sanders, Sheridan, Silver Bow, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Teton, Toole, Treasure, Valley, Wheatland, Wibaux, Yellowstone
In the Bozeman area, normal migration periods are April 23 to May 20 and September 10 to 23 (Skaar 1969).
In central Montana they nest on the ground under big sagebrush, but concealment of the nest is not greatly important (Best 1970). They are found in areas where vegetation was short and dense, with a high percentage of cover (Reed 1984).
In central Montana, 70-90% of food was animal (mostly Coleopterans), while 3 to 23% was plant (mostly grass seeds) in areas grazed 2 years before and sprayed with chemicals (Best 1970).
In central Montana, an average of 24 breeding pairs per 100 acres was found (U68FEI01). Territories associated with the less preferred tall and patchy vegetation are larger than territories in preferred vegetation (Reed 1984).
In central Montana, the average clutch size was 3.25. Near Fortine, full clutch dates range from May 30 to July 25. Statewide, nesting is from late May to late August (probably 2nd broods) (Davis 1961).